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Framing and Deck Building
Building a deck adds outdoor living space and increases home value. It’s also a major undertaking.
Dig the footings, install posts and attach beams to form the foundation of the deck. Install joists and rim joists as per the manufacturer’s instructions, using metal joist hangers. Contact Deck Builders Lexington KY for professional help.
Use care to make sure the deck-to-wall connection is sealed tightly. Gaps allow water, snow and carpenter ants to invade the structure and cause damage.
Posts and beams are the foundation of any deck, transferring the weight of the structure to concrete footings that are sunk into the ground. The larger the deck, the more weight it must be able to support, and therefore the bigger the posts and beams must be. Posts are typically made from pressure-treated lumber.
Beams are built up from multiple pieces of 2 x 6 lumber to create a stronger and more durable structure. You can use pre-fabricated beams if you are working with an existing deck and have a limited budget, but if you’re building from scratch it is more cost-effective to use rough sawn pressure treated lumber for the framing.
Choosing the right size of beams and posts is an important part of the overall design of your deck, and requires some careful load calculations. The International Residential Code (IRC) provides basic guidelines for these calculations, but your local building authority may have its own version of the code. Ask your local building department for a copy of the code, or look online for a cheat sheet to help you identify the key variables.
To prevent the footings from sinking too far into the ground, they should be set a minimum of 6 feet apart. The footings also need to be set below the frost line, which varies by region. A footer calculator is available on our website to help you determine the number of concrete footers you will need.
Once you’ve determined the size of the footings and posts, it is time to install them. First, you must dig holes and pour the footings to a depth at least as deep as the height of the deck posts. This will ensure that the structure is not too close to the house and will be able to withstand any future expansion and contraction of the soil around it.
Then you must mount the deck posts. For a single-level deck, you can use 4×4 posts, but for higher multi-level structures, you must use 6×6 posts. If you are using 6×6 posts, make sure you have enough in stock to cover your entire deck. When installing the posts, use through bolts that pass through both the post and the beam, rather than lag bolts, which can loosen over time and leave the posts and beams vulnerable to damage.
Joists
Deck joists are the framework for your deck, and they have an impact on more than just how the deck looks. They also affect how long the deck will last and how well it will hold up to the elements and use. Choosing the right materials and properly installing the joists are key to building a sturdy, durable deck. The joists must be strong enough to support your deck’s live and static loads, so make sure you choose lumber with adequate strength ratings. You should also check your local building codes to ensure you are using the correct joist size for your deck’s dimensions.
The most common joist sizes are 2 x 6s through 2 x 10s. You can also purchase pre-cut joists to save time. Joists should be pressure treated for protection from the elements.
Use a level and chalk line to mark straight lines for joist placement. Joists should be spaced no more than 8 feet apart to prevent bending and twisting under load. If you encounter any obstacles that are in the way of a joist, frame around them to keep the joists evenly spaced. For example, if a wall or fence posts are in the path of one of your deck joists, install ledger pieces on either side of the obstacle and install joists on both sides of the obstruction. If the joists are to be joined together with a header, cut and install a piece of blocking between the joists.
For longer joists, you may need to install solid blocking to prevent the joists from twisting under heavy loads. This is especially important if you are using 2x10s or taller joists. Blocking is typically just short boards that are cut to the same length as your joists. The blocking should be placed between the joists and attached with nails or screws.
If you are using 2x10s for joists, consider skipping the center beam and going to 20 ft joists instead of 16 ft. This will allow you to get the bearing you need without a center beam. 2x12s can span 16′-6″ at 16 oc and have a maximum cantilever of 4′.
Ledger Board
The ledger board connects the deck to the house and transfers much of the deck’s load to the foundation. It is crucial that it be a good fit and well fastened to the house. If it isn’t, the deck can eventually rot and fail. The ledger should be secured to the rim joist or band joist of the house.
Many newer houses use engineered lumber instead of standard 2x lumber as rim joists and band joists. When using this type of lumber it is necessary to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for attaching a ledger board to it. These will usually require a special spacer to be used between the sheathing and the rim joist in order to avoid over tightening the ledger board which can pull the house sheathing and framing together and cause leaks.
Another option for securing a ledger is to use metal flashing. This creates a dry air space between the house sheathing and the ledger which will extend the life of both. This is especially important in wet climates where moisture can quickly cause wood rot.
Rigid flashing can be screwed to the sheathing or lag bolted to it. This method is less expensive than a special spacer but still provides a strong and durable connection. It is often recommended by the manufacturers of the flashing and is required in some areas.
Depending on where you live, your local codes may require specific minimum and maximum lag bolt spacing configurations for the ledger board. This is a very important factor to consider when installing a deck as it can be extremely dangerous for a homeowner to attempt to install a deck that does not meet code requirements and is unsafe for a family to use.
If the deck is to be built over an existing foundation it can be a very challenging task to securely attach the ledger to the concrete. If this is a project you intend to undertake it is best to build the deck while the house is being constructed so that the ledger connections are installed at a very early stage of construction. This will make it easier to ensure the proper connection is made.
Framing
A deck can add outdoor living space to your home and increase its value. Building a deck requires an understanding of construction methods, including framing. You will need to plan the layout of your deck, lay a foundation, construct the frame and then install surface decking. You will also need to consider stairways and railings, depending on how high your deck is off the ground. The decking itself may be made of wood or a synthetic material.
The footings and posts that form the base of your deck will be set below the frost line — the depth at which water in the soil typically freezes — to protect the posts from heaving up during freezing weather. A concrete footer is a common choice, but you can also use piers. Both types require a mix of concrete and gravel to set the posts.
Before you start constructing the deck’s frame, consult your blueprints and local building inspection office to determine load requirements for the structure. This information will help you decide the size of beams and joists, and the dimensions for the decking itself. For example, a small deck might require 2 x 6 lumber, while a larger deck might need 2 x 10 or even 2 x 12 lumber.
After the posts and footings are set, you will build the deck’s frame with joists. Depending on the design of your deck, you might need to install a ledger board that attaches the deck to your house. The ledger will provide the support for the deck’s surface, so it is important to attach it correctly. The level at which the top of the ledger rests should be the same as the level where you will mount the joists.
When you start building the joists, it’s best to work with a partner. This will make the job go faster and ensure that the joists are built evenly. It’s also important to work with lumber that has been treated for exterior use. Otherwise, it will rot more quickly.
When you’ve finished framing the joists, you can start laying decking boards. Usually, these are 1 x 4 or 1 x 6 pieces of lumber, but you can also choose synthetic decking materials. You will need to install stairways and railings as well, depending on how high the deck is off the ground and code requirements.
Finishing Basement Renovations
Turning your basement into a new room or set of rooms can add a lot to the resale value of your home. It also increases the living space you can enjoy.
Before beginning any renovation, you will need to clear out any cluttered areas of your basement and organize belongings into keep, donate and trash piles. You will also need to locate any electrical wires and plumbing. Consult with Finishing Basement Lehi for expert guidance.
While a finished basement can add significant resale value to your home, it is also a big investment. It is therefore important to plan ahead and develop a clear budget. This will help you stay on track and avoid overspending, especially in areas where it might be easy to do so, like finishing the floor.
The most common expenses include permits, labor and materials. These will vary depending on the scope of work, but basement finishing is typically a major project that requires hiring professionals. If you’re able to do the majority of the work yourself, this will significantly reduce the total cost.
Permit costs are generally required for any structural changes to a building, which includes basement finishing. The fees vary by county and city, but a permit for a 1,000-square-foot basement might run $500 to $1,000. This may be in addition to a building inspection fee that is often required for a home improvement project.
Basement finishing can involve a lot of plumbing and electrical work. This will require the services of licensed contractors, which is another factor to consider when developing your budget. These professionals are usually required to maintain licensure for their profession, which means that they must continually take classes and update their skills. This helps ensure that they meet minimum safety standards and have the ability to handle complex tasks, such as installing an electrical panel or rerouting existing wiring.
Other major costs might include insulation, drywall and flooring. These costs will depend on your choice of material and finish. For example, hardwood floors will cost more than carpet or laminate.
Painting is another important consideration. While you can use a special concrete paint to refresh the look of your basement floor, this will not provide as much durability and may be less appealing than other finishes.
If you’re a homeowner who wants to save money on finishing a basement, it is important to focus on those elements that will have a direct impact on long-term living and safety. It’s not wise to save on basement finishing materials that won’t last, for example by choosing poor-quality building materials or cheap light fixtures.
Design
To qualify as finished, a basement has to be able to function as a living space that’s reminiscent of the upstairs. It must have a door that leads to the rest of the house, a level ceiling, and walls that are framed and drywalled. It also needs to be insulated, wired for electricity, and installed with plumbing. Those are the basics, but there’s more to finishing a basement than just those components. It should also be well-ventilated and have a flooring that’s either wood, tile or carpet. Wood is a recommendation because it’s easy to keep clean and doesn’t absorb moisture like laminate or carpet can. Basements are more susceptible to moisture, so they need a dehumidifier and a vapor retardant to prevent mold.
If there are any projections above the drywall, such as beams or posts, it’s best to frame around them instead of trying to bury them with drywall. This also works well for electrical junction boxes, water piping and surface-mounted wires. However, it’s still important to leave access for future repairs. It’s also a good idea to frame around steel columns so you can use them for support if the basement is ever flooded.
Partition walls help to break up large rooms and reduce noise from one room to another. They’re typically framed with 2x4s, and you can cut them to fit the length of the joists they’re going over. If there are any gaps between the bottom plate and the joists, it’s best to fill them with expanding foam.
A drop-ceiling is a cheap and simple solution to covering exposed pipes, wiring and floor joists, but it won’t provide the finished look that drywall does. It’s also a good idea not to completely enclose the ductwork, because it will allow you to easily replace air filters, if necessary. Keeping the ductwork and pipes visible can save you a lot of money over time. It’s also a good way to keep an eye on the condition of your plumbing and electrical systems, so you can identify problems early on.
Materials
If you plan to use your basement for a specific purpose, such as a home office, guest suite, or personal fitness center, you will need to choose materials that suit those needs. Since basements often have a unique set of conditions, including moisture and cooler temperatures, it is important to choose materials that are durable, easy to clean, and can withstand the elements.
It is also crucial to address any moisture issues before beginning a basement renovation project. Moisture in the basement can cause a variety of problems, from mold growth to structural damage. Waterproofing measures, such as sealing cracks and installing a sump pump, can help prevent moisture problems. It is also a good idea to use moisture-resistant flooring, such as vinyl planks or ceramic tiles.
Adding insulation to basement walls is another important step in finishing a basement. Bare cement walls can cause cold air to leak in during the winter and warm air to escape during the summer. Installing foam polystyrene insulation between the joists and foundation wall can improve temperature regulation and save on energy costs.
In many cases, a basement renovation project requires new electrical wiring. It is important to make sure that you are using quality electrical wire, as this can reduce the risk of fire and injury. In addition, you should always ensure that all of your wiring is completed before hanging drywall. It is much more difficult—and expensive—to add wiring after drywall has been installed.
The right flooring can enhance the look of your finished basement and add comfort underfoot. Vinyl plank floors are a popular choice, as they are durable and moisture resistant. In addition, they offer the appearance of natural wood or stone, and come in a variety of colors and textures to fit any aesthetic. Carpet is not a suitable flooring option for the basement, as it can trap moisture and lead to mold growth.
A finished basement offers a lot of versatility, allowing you to customize it for your unique lifestyle and needs. A basement renovation project can be as simple or extensive as you want. A simple paint job will help blend in pipes and utilities, while more elaborate options include a drop ceiling or drywall ceiling.
Contractors
When you hire a remodeling company to finish your basement, choose one that specializes in home renovations. They are more likely to have experience and a portfolio of previous work. In addition, they should be licensed and insured. They should also have references that you can contact. If possible, visit past projects to see the results and speak with other customers.
Finished basements are multipurpose spaces that can be used as a home office, spare bedroom, entertainment room, gym or kitchen. You can even rent out the space to earn extra income. Whether you’re looking to upgrade your living space or add value to your home, a basement remodel is a great investment.
A finished basement can make a big difference in your family’s comfort and quality of life. It can help your kids with homework and school projects, give you a dedicated space for hobbies or fitness, and provide an escape from the noise and stress of the main level of your home. In addition, a finished basement can lower your energy bills. Unfinished basements can lose a significant amount of heat due to the concrete floors and walls, while a finished basement has more insulation and drywall, which helps retain warmth.
While the initial cost of a basement remodel may seem high, it can add value to your home and save money in the long run. A reputable mortgage lender can review your options and create a customized loan program that meets your budget. They can also provide a cash-out refinance or home equity line of credit to fund your project.
When it comes to home improvements, nothing compares to the return on investment of a finished basement. This extra living space will improve your quality of life, increase your property’s value and reduce your energy costs. You can also use the space to accommodate visitors and family members who stay with you for a long period of time.
If you decide to sell your house, a finished basement will add value and make it easier for you to find a buyer. A professional contractor can help you determine the best uses for the space and make your vision a reality. They can help you find the right materials and ensure that the finished product will meet your needs.
The Different Types of Plumbing Services
Plumbing is the system of pipes, fixtures and fittings that conveys water for use in drinking, cooking, washing, bathing and other domestic purposes. It also includes the waste removal system.
Keeping your drains clear of hair, soap scum, and grease can help prevent clogs. Try using a natural, non-toxic drain cleaner such as baking soda and vinegar or Bio-Clean. Explore https://www.plumbing-express.com/ for additional information.
Drain cleaning is the process of removing obstructions from a pipe or drain. This can be done manually or with a machine. A plumber may use commercial chemical cleaners, a mechanical drain snake, hydro-jetting, or even a video inspection system to clean clogged pipes. Regular drain cleaning can prevent organic buildup, odors, and health issues.
Liquid chemical cleaners can be effective at dissolving hair, grease, and soap scum that accumulate in kitchen and bathroom drain lines. However, these liquids can also cause damage to pipes. They often contain caustic elements that can eat away at metal and other materials. It’s best to limit their use and always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application.
There are also natural drain cleaners that work well to clear minor clogs. They’re typically safer for pipes and the environment than chemical cleaners, but they can take longer to dissolve blockages. Some of these natural cleaners utilize enzyme and culture makeup that breaks down and eats away at organic waste in the pipes, rather than simply reacting with it.
For stubborn clogs, try pouring boiling water down the drain. Be sure to remove the sink pop-up stopper and tub or shower stopper before pouring the water, so you can avoid splashes and splatter. If this doesn’t work, try a mixture of cream of tartar and baking soda.
A professional plumber will use a drain auger or hydro-jetting to fully clean a pipe and remove large obstructions like roots. They can also inspect the line with a video camera to see what caused the clog in the first place.
Homeowners and property owners can do many things to maintain their plumbing systems, but if they encounter an extensive clog or drain blockage it’s important to call a professional. Clogged drains can lead to mold, fungus, and bacteria that can spread to other areas of the house or business. Clogged pipes can also impede water flow and lead to flooding and other costly problems. By following some simple maintenance steps, homeowners can keep their drains flowing properly and minimize the need for expensive professional services.
Pipe Cleaning
Pipe cleaning removes debris and foulants that can affect the quality of water or contaminate other systems connected to the pipes. It is also used to prepare pipelines for new construction or repairs and helps extend the life of piping and its components. It is particularly important for industrial piping, where a buildup of material can impede flow and damage equipment located downstream. There are a number of different pipe cleaning methods that can be used, depending on the type of buildup in the pipeline.
One of the simplest and most common is flushing, which involves turning on the water pumps at maximum pressure to knock loose lighter forms of debris. This method only works for liquid pipelines, however, and won’t do much to address solidified dirt or debris.
For more serious issues, mechanical cleaning methods can be employed. These involve the use of rotating brushes or other tools to dislodge stubborn blockages or encrusted deposits. This can be followed by a vacuuming or flushing process to remove loosened debris.
Chemical cleaning is a more advanced form of pipe cleaning that uses different types of chemicals to eat away at the buildup inside a pipeline. This can be particularly effective for organic materials such as roots or sludge, but it is also useful for inorganic deposits such as rust or scale.
Another option for specialty piping is the Smart Cutter method, which uses a controlled jet of water to cut through obstructions in pipelines. This can be an especially helpful solution for removing tubercles, which are layers of corrosion product that accumulate over areas of metal loss in potable water mains.
Once the pipe cleaning has been completed, it is important to inspect the results to ensure that all obstructions have been removed. This can be done using CCTV cameras or other inspection equipment. It is also a good idea to conduct a test run of the pipe system to verify that it is clear and flowing properly. The inspection process should also include identifying any additional areas that require attention. Finally, it is a good idea to document the entire process in order to maintain a record of what was done and to help prevent future issues.
Sewer Cleaning
Sewer cleaning is a service that focuses on the main sewer line, which carries waste from drains in your home to the municipal sewer system or septic tank. Since these lines are responsible for carrying such a heavy load, they must be kept in top condition to prevent severe and costly problems. Professional sewer cleaners use CCTV cameras to view the interior condition of these pipes before they decide on a cleaning method. Once the inspection is complete, they’ll use a high-powered water jet to clean the pipes and remove any obstructions.
Regular sewer cleaning is essential for preventing blockages and extending the lifespan of your plumbing. Not only does it help prevent wastewater from building up inside your drains, but it also helps eliminate foul odors. Foul odors are often caused by food particles, grease, and other debris that have become trapped in the drain or sewer pipe. Regular cleanings will ensure that these items are removed promptly, before they cause a serious problem.
One of the most common signs that your sewer line is blocked is when your drains take longer than usual to flush. This happens when a small particle becomes lodged in the drain opening, restricting flow and causing a clog. If this is not resolved immediately, it can spread to all drains in your house and cause serious issues.
Another sign that your sewer line is in trouble is if you notice that water is backing up into toilets. This is a clear indication that there’s an obstruction somewhere in the line, and it can lead to flooding and other dangerous situations.
A common way to clean the sewer line is through mechanical cleaning. This method involves using power rodding tools to manually cut, push, or scrape debris out of the pipes. It’s usually followed by hydraulic cleaning, which uses high-powered water pressure to wash away any remaining debris in the pipes.
Chemical cleaning is another method used for removing obstructions from pipes. Professionals can use chemicals such as 2,6 dichlorobenzonitrile to kill roots and other organisms that might be obstructing the pipes. This method is often reserved for problematic areas that are prone to clogging and requires careful supervision.
Drain Repair
Drains and sewer lines are prone to damage, clogging, and leaks. Detecting and addressing these problems early on can help prevent more costly repairs later. Plumbing drain repair can be as simple as unclogging a drain or as complicated as replacing a damaged pipe.
Unpleasant odors from drains or sewer backups can indicate that there is a problem with your drainage system. Foul odors are typically caused by bacteria, waste, or debris that has been trapped in your pipes and drains for a long time. These odors can also be caused by a broken pressure regulator or a venting issue. If you notice a bad smell coming from your drains, contact a plumber right away.
Slow or clogged drains are another common drain repair issue. Fats, oils, and grease that are poured down drains can solidify over time and cause clogs. In addition, large items such as paper towels and sanitary products can be flushed down toilets and clog the line. To fix this, plumbers can use high-powered drain augers or water jets to break up and remove the clog.
A faulty or damaged drain line can lead to a host of problems, including water leaks and basement flooding. A broken or collapsed drain line can result in serious structural issues, so it is important to call a professional for drain repair right away.
Leaking or sagging pipes can result in expensive water bills and severe property damage. The best way to prevent these issues is to have your drains regularly serviced by a plumber.
We offer a variety of drain repair methods, including drain relining and trenchless pipe bursting. Call us to learn more about our services or to schedule an appointment. We look forward to serving you!